3 versions

CosmeticWhat changed in REFERRED IN SENATEcompared with INTRODUCED IN HOUSE (Jul 17, 2025)

Technical corrections only. The legislative text of H.R. 4523 remains identical between v1 and v3. The differences reflect the bill's progression from House introduction to being referred in the Senate, including the updated legislative status and dates. There are no substantive policy changes.

Skipping v2 (ENGROSSED IN HOUSE). Those versions changed too little to need their own analysis, so they reuse INTRODUCED IN HOUSE's. Changes are measured from the most recent version analyzed on its own.

H.R. 4523119th CongressIntroduced Jul 17, 2025

To make technical amendments to title 49, United States Code, as necessary to improve the Code.

Passed HouseTransportation and Public WorksNarrow

View bill text

Sponsor: Rep. Onder, Robert F. [R-MO-3]
Committees: Judiciary Committee (primary)
Last action: Sep 14, 2026

This analysis was written for v1 (INTRODUCED IN HOUSE, Jul 17, 2025). REFERRED IN SENATE changed too little to need its own, so it reuses that one rather than a rewrite. The differences between the two are summarized above. View v1

Bottom line

This bill makes minor, non-substantive corrections and clarifications to existing transportation law within Title 49 of the U.S. Code to improve its accuracy and readability.

What it actually does

This bill proposes a series of technical amendments to Title 49 of the United States Code, primarily focusing on Chapter 224, which governs direct loans and loan guarantees for transportation projects. The amendments include clarifying definitions, inserting consistent references like "of this title," correcting grammatical errors, and updating public law citations with specific Statutes at Large volume and page numbers. It also adjusts a cross-reference in the Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021.

Section 3(a)-(e)

Technical Amendments to Chapter 224 of Title 49

mentioned in summarystraightforward

This section systematically amends various subsections within Chapter 224 of Title 49, which deals with direct loans and loan guarantees for transportation projects. The changes include reformatting definitions (e.g., adding "In general" and "Inclusion" headings), inserting "of this title" after references to other sections within Title 49 to improve clarity, correcting a hyphenation ("government sponsored" to "government-sponsored"), and updating public law citations with their corresponding Statutes at Large volume and page numbers. It also corrects a grammatical error from "an streamlined" to "a streamlined" process description.

Section 4(a)-(c)

Other Technical Amendments to Title 49 and Related Acts

buried in fine printstraightforward

This section makes additional technical amendments outside of Chapter 224. It clarifies references in Section 116(d)(1)(B) of Title 49 by inserting "of this title" after a range of sections. It also corrects a specific cross-reference in the Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021, changing "section 22402(b)(1)(E) of title 49" to "section 22402(b)(1)(F) of title 49." Finally, it adds "of this title" to a reference in Section 22905(c)(2)(B). These are all minor, non-substantive changes aimed at improving the precision and consistency of the U.S. Code.

FOUND

Amends references to Public Laws by adding their corresponding Statutes at Large volume and page numbers (e.g., "(Public Law 114-94)" becomes "(Public Law 114-94, 129 Stat. 1312)").

Section 3(b)(3)(A), (B), (C) and (6)(B)(i)

Why it matters:This is standard legislative practice for technical corrections, aiming to improve legal precision and ease of reference for legal researchers. It is not an attempt to be evasive.

Case for: Supporters argue that providing direct citations to the official publication of laws (Statutes at Large) improves the usability and accuracy of the U.S. Code, making it easier for legal professionals to locate the original statutory text and ensuring legal certainty.

Case against: There is no substantive case against such a technical correction; it is a purely administrative improvement.

Estimated impact: Negligible direct impact on policy or individuals; provides a minor but significant improvement in legal research efficiency and accuracy for those working with the U.S. Code.

FOUND

Corrects a grammatical error in subsection (i) of Section 22402 of title 49, United States Code, changing "an streamlined" to "a streamlined."

Section 3(b)(6)(B)(ii)

Why it matters:This is standard legislative practice for technical corrections to improve grammar and readability of the U.S. Code. It is not an attempt to be evasive, but rather to ensure proper English usage in statutory text.

Case for: Proponents would argue that correcting grammatical errors, even minor ones, maintains the professional quality and precision expected of federal statutes, preventing any potential ambiguity or misinterpretation, however slight.

Case against: There is no substantive case against this correction; it is a purely grammatical improvement with no policy implications.

Estimated impact: No measurable impact on policy, funding, or individuals; its impact is solely on the textual quality and grammatical correctness of the U.S. Code.

FOUND

Amends Section 21303(1) of the Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021 (49 U.S.C. 22402 note) by striking "section 22402(b)(1)(E) of title 49" and inserting "section 22402(b)(1)(F) of title 49."

Section 4(b)

Why it matters:This is a technical correction to ensure accurate cross-referencing within the law, likely due to a renumbering or restructuring of subsections in the original act or subsequent amendments. It is standard practice for maintaining code consistency and is not evasive.

Case for: Supporters would contend that ensuring statutory references point to the correct provisions is crucial for preventing confusion, misinterpretation, or misapplication of the law. It maintains the integrity and coherence of the U.S. Code, which is vital for legal certainty.

Case against: There is no substantive case against this correction; it is a purely technical adjustment necessary for legal accuracy.

Estimated impact: Prevents potential misapplication or misinterpretation of specific provisions related to surface transportation investment, though the direct impact on projects or funding is indirect and preventative rather than immediate.

About this analysis. AI-Generated from the official bill text and available committee reports. Gaps in available data are noted explicitly. Verify important details with the official Congress.gov record.

CosmeticWhat changed in REFERRED IN SENATEcompared with INTRODUCED IN HOUSE (Jul 17, 2025)

H.R. 4523119th CongressIntroduced Jul 17, 2025

To make technical amendments to title 49, United States Code, as necessary to improve the Code.

Passed HouseTransportation and Public WorksNarrow

View bill text

Sponsor: Rep. Onder, Robert F. [R-MO-3]
Committees: Judiciary Committee (primary)
Last action: Sep 14, 2026

Bottom line

This bill makes minor, non-substantive corrections and clarifications to existing transportation law within Title 49 of the U.S. Code to improve its accuracy and readability.

What it actually does

Section 3(a)-(e)

Technical Amendments to Chapter 224 of Title 49

mentioned in summarystraightforward

Section 4(a)-(c)

Other Technical Amendments to Title 49 and Related Acts

buried in fine printstraightforward

FOUND

Amends references to Public Laws by adding their corresponding Statutes at Large volume and page numbers (e.g., "(Public Law 114-94)" becomes "(Public Law 114-94, 129 Stat. 1312)").

Section 3(b)(3)(A), (B), (C) and (6)(B)(i)

Why it matters:This is standard legislative practice for technical corrections, aiming to improve legal precision and ease of reference for legal researchers. It is not an attempt to be evasive.

Case against: There is no substantive case against such a technical correction; it is a purely administrative improvement.

Estimated impact: Negligible direct impact on policy or individuals; provides a minor but significant improvement in legal research efficiency and accuracy for those working with the U.S. Code.

FOUND

Corrects a grammatical error in subsection (i) of Section 22402 of title 49, United States Code, changing "an streamlined" to "a streamlined."

Section 3(b)(6)(B)(ii)

Case against: There is no substantive case against this correction; it is a purely grammatical improvement with no policy implications.

Estimated impact: No measurable impact on policy, funding, or individuals; its impact is solely on the textual quality and grammatical correctness of the U.S. Code.

FOUND

Section 4(b)

Case against: There is no substantive case against this correction; it is a purely technical adjustment necessary for legal accuracy.