A substantive restructuring. v2 removes the proposed new "Crow CIP Implementation Account" and associated section redesignations from v1, reverting the numbering of several sections. It also deletes provisions related to joint signature account transfers and indexing adjustments for MR&I Project costs, while adding a new requirement for MR&I Projects Account funds to be deposited into a special joint signature account before earning interest.
Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Amendments Act of 2025
- Sponsor
- Rep. Downing, Troy [R-MT-2]
- Committees
- Natural Resources Committee (primary)
- Last action
- Aug 27, 2026
Bottom line
This bill refines the implementation of the 2010 Crow Tribe water rights settlement by restructuring funding for water infrastructure and extending a key water allocation period, aiming to improve the Tribe's self-governance over water resources while shifting long-term maintenance costs to the Tribe.
What it actually does
This bill amends the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 by repealing the federal 'MR&I System' and establishing a new 'MR&I Projects Account' within the Crow Settlement Fund. It clarifies that funds from this account are primarily for the Tribe to plan, construct, and operate water infrastructure, with remaining funds available for purchasing on-Reservation land with water rights. The bill also extends the period for the Tribe to lease or permit water rights from Yellowtail Dam from 15 to 20 years and explicitly states that the Federal Government has no obligation for the operation, maintenance, or replacement of these tribal projects.
Proponents argue
Proponents argue that these amendments are crucial for enhancing the Crow Tribe's self-determination and control over their water resources, allowing them to manage critical infrastructure development and land acquisition more effectively. They contend that the changes streamline the original settlement, fulfill federal trust responsibilities by providing dedicated funding for tribal priorities, and ensure the long-term viability of the Tribe's water rights.
Opponents contend
Given the bill's technical nature as an amendment to an existing settlement, direct, organized opposition is limited. However, potential critics might raise concerns that explicitly removing federal operation and maintenance obligations shifts a significant financial burden onto the Tribe, potentially straining tribal resources for long-term infrastructure upkeep, and could be seen as a divestment from federal trust responsibilities.
The bill is short and focused on specific amendments, making it accessible for an informed reader to understand its provisions within a reasonable timeframe.
Section 2(b)
Repeal of MR&I System
This provision repeals Section 406 of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010, which established the 'MR&I System.' This change effectively removes the federal government's direct role in establishing and maintaining a specific municipal, rural, and industrial water system for the Crow Tribe, thereby transferring greater responsibility and control to the Tribe.
Supporters argue
Supporters argue that repealing the federal 'MR&I System' empowers the Crow Tribe to exercise greater self-determination in managing its own water infrastructure, aligning with modern tribal self-governance principles.
Critics contend
No specific opposition is typically raised against this repeal, as it is generally viewed as a step towards greater tribal control. However, some might express general concern about the federal government potentially reducing its direct involvement in tribal infrastructure.
Tradeoffs
The primary tradeoff is between increased tribal self-governance and the potential for reduced direct federal support or oversight in the initial establishment of a comprehensive water system.
Section 2(c)(2) and (3)
Establishment and Use of MR&I Projects Account
This amendment establishes a new 'MR&I Projects Account' within the Crow Settlement Fund, where future appropriations for municipal, rural, and industrial projects will be deposited. Funds from this account are primarily designated for the planning, design, construction, operation, and repair of water production, treatment, or delivery infrastructure, including wastewater. Once these on-Reservation projects are complete, any remaining funds may be used by the Tribe to purchase on-Reservation land with water rights.
Section 2(c)(4)
Tribal Ownership and Federal Non-Obligation for MR&I Projects
This provision explicitly states that the Crow Tribe will hold title to, control, and operate any project constructed using funds from the MR&I Projects Account. Crucially, it also clarifies that the Federal Government will have no obligation to pay for the operation, maintenance, or replacement of any such MR&I Project. This shifts the full long-term financial responsibility for upkeep to the Tribe.
Section 2(d)
Extension of Yellowtail Dam Water Rights Period
This amendment extends the period during which the Crow Tribe can lease or permit the use of its water rights from the Yellowtail Dam, Montana, from the original 15 years to 20 years. This provides the Tribe with a longer timeframe to manage, plan, and derive economic benefits from these significant water resources.
Specifies that amounts deposited into the new MR&I Projects Account must be further deposited into a special joint signature account named 'MR&I Account' (established pursuant to a 2012 agreement with the Tribe) *before* any investment earnings accrue or become available.
Section 2(c)(2)(B)
Why it matters:This is standard legislative practice for defining precise financial flows and accountability mechanisms within a larger funding framework, ensuring proper governance and oversight of federal appropriations.
Case for: This mechanism ensures transparency and joint oversight of funds, preventing unilateral tribal control over federal appropriations until they are properly transferred and accounted for, while also clarifying the precise point at which investment earnings begin.
Case against: No strong case against this provision, as it is a technical detail designed for financial management and accountability.
Estimated impact: Ensures proper financial governance and accountability for potentially millions of dollars in appropriations for Crow Tribe water infrastructure.