PRIMATE Act
- Sponsor
- Rep. Steube, W. Gregory [R-FL-17]
- Committees
- Ways and Means Committee (primary)
- Last action
- Apr 23, 2026
Bottom line
The PRIMATE Act broadly bans the importation of nonhuman primates into the U.S., with a specific exemption for AZA-accredited zoos not using them for research.
What it actually does
This bill amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to establish a general prohibition on the importation of live nonhuman primates into the United States. It includes a narrow exception for importation by, and for placement with, facilities accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), provided these primates will not be used for experiments, testing, or breeding for such purposes. The bill also grants U.S. Customs and Border Protection the authority to deny clearance for prohibited shipments and establishes civil penalties of up to $50,000 per violation, along with forfeiture of illegally imported primates.
Proponents argue
Supporters argue that prohibiting the importation of nonhuman primates is a crucial step to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases, protecting public health from 'toxic exposures' that can arise from contact with these animals. They contend that such a ban reduces risks associated with the wildlife trade and ensures better animal welfare standards by limiting commercial exploitation.
Opponents contend
Opponents might argue that a broad prohibition on nonhuman primate importation could severely hinder critical biomedical research, particularly in areas requiring primate models for studying diseases, developing vaccines, and testing new therapies. They may also contend that the existing regulatory framework is sufficient to manage health risks and that a blanket ban is an overreach that could stifle scientific advancement.
The bill is very short and clearly written, making it highly accessible for a reader to evaluate its core provisions quickly.
Section 2, adding Section 308A(b) to the Tariff Act of 1930
General Prohibition on Nonhuman Primate Importation
This provision makes it illegal for any person or entity to bring any live nonhuman primate into the United States. This establishes a broad ban on the commercial or private importation of monkeys, apes, and other primates, aiming to significantly restrict their entry into the country.
Supporters argue
Proponents argue that this general prohibition is essential for safeguarding public health by reducing the risk of zoonotic disease transmission and for enhancing animal welfare by curbing the often-inhumane conditions associated with the international primate trade.
Critics contend
Opponents would contend that a blanket ban is overly broad and could negatively impact legitimate activities, such as certain types of scientific research or conservation efforts that might require specific primate species not available domestically.
Tradeoffs
This provision balances public health and animal welfare concerns against potential impacts on scientific research and the freedom of individuals or institutions to import specific animals for various purposes.
Section 2, adding Section 308A(c) to the Tariff Act of 1930
Exception for AZA-Accredited Facilities (Non-Research Use)
This section creates a specific exemption to the general import ban. Nonhuman primates can still be imported if they are destined for an AZA-accredited facility (like a zoo) and if the importer certifies that the primate will not be used for experiments, testing, or breeding for such purposes. This ensures that accredited zoos can continue their conservation, education, and exhibition roles.
Section 2, adding Section 308A(d) and (e) to the Tariff Act of 1930
Enforcement and Penalties
This part of the bill assigns responsibility for enforcing the import ban to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), requiring them to deny entry to any prohibited nonhuman primate shipments. It also establishes significant penalties for violations, including civil fines of up to $50,000 per violation and the forfeiture of any nonhuman primate imported unlawfully. These measures are designed to deter illegal importation effectively.