SNAP Citizenship and Residency Act of 2026
- Sponsor
- Rep. Burchett, Tim [R-TN-2]
- Committees
- Agriculture Committee (primary)
- Last action
- Jun 25, 2026
Bottom line
The bill imposes a new 10-year lawful permanent residency requirement for non-citizens to access SNAP benefits, potentially increasing food insecurity for many immigrant families.
What it actually does
This bill amends the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 to significantly restrict eligibility for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) for non-citizens. Specifically, it mandates that an individual must be a lawful permanent resident (LPR) and have resided lawfully in the United States for a continuous period of at least 10 years from their admission date to be eligible for SNAP benefits.
Proponents argue
Proponents argue that this bill ensures federal welfare benefits are reserved for long-term residents and citizens, promoting fiscal responsibility and encouraging self-sufficiency among new immigrants. They may also contend that it aligns SNAP eligibility with broader immigration policy goals, prioritizing those who have established a substantial residency in the country.
Opponents contend
Opponents contend that this restriction would exacerbate food insecurity among vulnerable immigrant families, including children who are often U.S. citizens, leading to negative health and educational outcomes. They argue it creates an undue burden on new lawful permanent residents who are working and contributing to society, potentially increasing reliance on emergency food services and community support.
The bill text is very short and straightforward, making it easy for any informed reader to understand its core provisions quickly.
Section 2, amending Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016)
Limitation on Eligibility of Aliens for SNAP
This provision adds a new subsection (o) to Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008. It stipulates that an individual cannot receive SNAP benefits unless they are an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence (an immigrant) and have lawfully resided in the United States for a continuous period of at least 10 years, starting from their admission date. This overrides any other provision of law regarding alien eligibility for SNAP.
Supporters argue
Supporters argue that this provision ensures that federal assistance programs are primarily for citizens and those who have made a long-term commitment to residency in the U.S. They believe it encourages self-sufficiency among newer immigrants and reduces the fiscal burden on taxpayers by limiting access to a broad social safety net program.
Critics contend
Critics contend that this provision would create significant hardship for LPRs who are legally authorized to live and work in the U.S. but have not yet reached the 10-year mark. They argue it would increase food insecurity, particularly for children in mixed-status families, and could lead to worse health outcomes and greater reliance on emergency services, ultimately costing more in other areas.
Tradeoffs
The provision navigates the tension between fiscal conservatism and the provision of a social safety net. It prioritizes limiting federal spending and promoting a specific vision of immigrant integration over ensuring immediate food security for all legal residents, potentially shifting the burden of support to state and local governments or charitable organizations.