MFA Act
- Sponsor
- Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6]
- Committees
- Energy and Commerce Committee (primary)
- Last action
- Jun 29, 2026
Bottom line
The bill aims to enhance the security of healthcare.gov by requiring multi-factor authentication, with provisions to protect access for individuals lacking necessary technological resources.
What it actually does
This bill, titled the "Marketplace Fraud Accountability Act," mandates the use of multi-factor authentication (MFA) for individuals accessing healthcare.gov to enroll in qualified health plans or access personalized enrollment information. The requirement would take effect one year after the bill's enactment and applies to plan years beginning on or after that date. It includes exceptions for individuals without broadband or cellular service, or those otherwise unable to use MFA for reasons specified by the Secretary.
Proponents argue
Supporters argue that requiring multi-factor authentication is a critical step to protect sensitive personal health and financial information, reduce fraud and identity theft within the healthcare marketplace, and align healthcare.gov with modern cybersecurity standards. They contend that the included exceptions ensure that vulnerable populations are not unduly burdened.
Opponents contend
Critics might express concerns that even with exceptions, implementing mandatory multi-factor authentication could create new barriers to access for some individuals, particularly those with limited digital literacy or inconsistent internet access. They may also argue that the administrative burden and costs of implementing and managing such a system, including verifying exceptions, could be substantial.
The bill is very short and clear, making it highly accessible for any reader to understand its core provisions within a few minutes.
Section 2(a), amending Section 1311(c) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (42 U.S.C. 18031(c))
Mandatory Multi-Factor Authentication for Healthcare.gov
This provision requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for healthcare.gov within one year of the bill's enactment. This MFA will be necessary for individuals enrolling in health plans through an Exchange or accessing their personal enrollment data. MFA is defined as verifying identity using two or more factors, such as a password (knowledge), a token (possession), or biometrics (inherence).
Supporters argue
Supporters argue that this provision is essential for safeguarding sensitive personal information and preventing fraud on a critical government healthcare platform. They believe it brings healthcare.gov up to modern security standards, protecting both individuals and taxpayer resources.
Critics contend
Critics may contend that while security is important, this mandate could inadvertently create barriers for some users, particularly those in rural areas or with limited technological proficiency, even with the stated exceptions. They might argue for more flexible or opt-in security measures.
Tradeoffs
The provision balances the critical need for enhanced cybersecurity with the imperative to maintain accessible healthcare services for all eligible individuals. The tension lies in ensuring robust security without creating undue burdens or excluding vulnerable populations from accessing essential health coverage.
Section 2(a)(8)(B)
Exceptions to Multi-Factor Authentication Requirement
This subsection outlines specific exceptions to the mandatory multi-factor authentication. It states that the MFA requirement will not apply to individuals who lack access to broadband or cellular service, or who are otherwise unable to use MFA for reasons that the Secretary of Health and Human Services may specify. This aims to prevent technological barriers from hindering access to healthcare services.