2 versions

CosmeticWhat changed in ENGROSSED IN SENATEcompared with INTRODUCED IN SENATE (May 1, 2025)

Technical corrections only. The changes between v1 and v2 reflect the bill's progression from an introduced bill to an engrossed act, updating the session number and removing sponsor information. There are no substantive policy changes to the text of the bill itself.

S. 1564119th CongressIntroduced May 1, 2025

Floodplain Enhancement and Recovery Act

Passed SenateFinance and Financial SectorSubstantive

View bill text

Sponsor: Sen. Murray, Patty [D-WA]
Committees: Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee (primary)
Last action: Oct 5, 2026

This analysis was written for v1 (INTRODUCED IN SENATE, May 1, 2025). ENGROSSED IN SENATE changed too little to need its own, so it reuses that one rather than a rewrite. The differences between the two are summarized above. View v1

Bottom line

The bill aims to reduce regulatory and financial barriers for floodplain ecosystem restoration projects, potentially increasing natural flood protection but also introducing a controlled allowance for minor increases in base flood elevations in regulatory floodways.

What it actually does

This bill amends the Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 to facilitate ecosystem restoration projects in floodplains. It defines such projects, exempts them from certain flood insurance rate map (FIRM) change fees, and allows communities to permit these projects in regulatory floodways even if they cause a minor increase in base flood elevations, provided specific conditions are met to protect insurable structures and critical infrastructure. It also mandates FEMA to issue guidance for implementation.

Proponents argue

Supporters argue that the bill promotes vital ecosystem restoration efforts by removing unnecessary bureaucratic and financial hurdles. They contend that restoring natural floodplain functions can enhance community resilience to flooding, improve water quality, and provide ecological benefits, ultimately leading to more sustainable flood risk management strategies than solely relying on engineered solutions. The safeguards included, such as the 1-foot elevation limit and protection for insurable structures, are seen as sufficient to prevent adverse impacts.

Opponents contend

Critics might express concern that allowing any increase in base flood elevations, even a minor one, in regulatory floodways could inadvertently increase flood risk for properties not explicitly protected or lead to unforeseen consequences for the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). They may argue that the definition of 'ecosystem restoration project' could be broad enough to permit projects that do not genuinely enhance flood resilience or that the exemptions could weaken important floodway regulations designed to protect communities.

The bill is short and clearly written, making it accessible for a quick read and evaluation by an informed citizen.

Section 2(a), amending 42 U.S.C. 4101e(a)

Definition of Ecosystem Restoration Project

prominently featuredstraightforward

This provision defines an 'ecosystem restoration project' as one primarily intended to manipulate the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of a site to restore or enhance natural and beneficial functions of an aquatic resource or floodplain. This definition is crucial as it determines which projects qualify for the exemptions and allowances provided by the rest of the bill.

GroupImpactMechanismScale

GroupEnvironmental organizations and conservation groupsImpactPositive, by providing a clear legal framework for their work.MechanismThe definition legitimizes and clarifies the scope of projects that can benefit from the bill's provisions.ScaleBroad, affecting all future projects seeking these benefits.

GroupFederal and State natural resource agenciesImpactPositive, by clarifying the types of projects they oversee.MechanismProvides a consistent definition for regulatory and funding purposes.ScaleOperational, impacting how projects are categorized and approved.

Supporters argue

Supporters argue that a clear and concise definition is essential to ensure that the benefits of the bill are directed towards projects that genuinely aim to restore natural floodplain functions, thereby maximizing environmental and flood resilience benefits.

Critics contend

Some critics might argue that the definition, while seemingly clear, could still be interpreted broadly, potentially allowing projects that are not truly 'restoration' focused to benefit from the exemptions, thus undermining the intent of floodway regulations.

Tradeoffs

The tension lies in balancing a sufficiently broad definition to encompass various restoration efforts with a precise enough definition to prevent misuse or unintended consequences for flood risk management.

Section 2(a), amending 42 U.S.C. 4101e(b)

Exemption from Fees for Flood Hazard Change Requests

prominently featuredstraightforward

This provision exempts requesters from paying review or processing fees when applying for a flood insurance rate map (FIRM) change if that change is based on an ecosystem restoration project. This removes a financial barrier for entities undertaking these beneficial projects.

Section 2(a), amending 42 U.S.C. 4101e(c)

Exemption from Conditional Approval for Certain Ecosystem Restoration Projects

prominently featuredmoderately complex

This provision allows communities to approve ecosystem restoration projects within regulatory floodways even if they increase the base flood elevation by up to 1 foot, under strict conditions. These conditions include a professional engineer's determination that no insurable structure or critical infrastructure will be adversely impacted, and the community must submit an analysis of the changed conditions to FEMA within 180 days of project completion.

FOUND

The Administrator of FEMA may determine a 'greater amount or metric' than 1 foot for the allowable increase in base flood elevation for ecosystem restoration projects in regulatory floodways.

Section 2(a), amending 42 U.S.C. 4101e(c)(1)

Why it matters:This is standard legislative practice to provide administrative flexibility for technical adjustments based on expert judgment and evolving data, rather than being evasive. It allows FEMA to adapt the rule without requiring new legislation.

Case for: Supporters would argue this flexibility is necessary for FEMA to adapt to varying hydrological conditions, new scientific understanding, or specific project types where a slightly larger, yet still safe, elevation increase might be beneficial for restoration without increasing overall risk.

Case against: Critics might argue that granting FEMA the authority to unilaterally increase the allowable base flood elevation beyond 1 foot could lead to less stringent oversight and potentially greater flood risk without sufficient public or congressional review. They might prefer a fixed statutory limit or a more explicit process for such changes.

Estimated impact: Could significantly alter the scope and impact of ecosystem restoration projects if FEMA opts to allow larger elevation increases, potentially affecting more properties or larger areas.

About this analysis. AI-Generated from the official bill text and available committee reports. Gaps in available data are noted explicitly. Verify important details with the official Congress.gov record.

CosmeticWhat changed in ENGROSSED IN SENATEcompared with INTRODUCED IN SENATE (May 1, 2025)

S. 1564119th CongressIntroduced May 1, 2025

Floodplain Enhancement and Recovery Act

Passed SenateFinance and Financial SectorSubstantive

View bill text

Sponsor: Sen. Murray, Patty [D-WA]
Committees: Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee (primary)
Last action: Oct 5, 2026

Bottom line

What it actually does

Proponents argue

Opponents contend

The bill is short and clearly written, making it accessible for a quick read and evaluation by an informed citizen.

Section 2(a), amending 42 U.S.C. 4101e(a)

Definition of Ecosystem Restoration Project

prominently featuredstraightforward

GroupImpactMechanismScale

Supporters argue

Critics contend

Tradeoffs

Section 2(a), amending 42 U.S.C. 4101e(b)

Exemption from Fees for Flood Hazard Change Requests

prominently featuredstraightforward

Section 2(a), amending 42 U.S.C. 4101e(c)

Exemption from Conditional Approval for Certain Ecosystem Restoration Projects

prominently featuredmoderately complex

FOUND

The Administrator of FEMA may determine a 'greater amount or metric' than 1 foot for the allowable increase in base flood elevation for ecosystem restoration projects in regulatory floodways.

Section 2(a), amending 42 U.S.C. 4101e(c)(1)