Fighting Fibers Act of 2025
- Sponsor
- Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR]
- Committees
- Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee (primary)
- Last action
- Jul 24, 2025
Bottom line
The bill requires all new washing machines sold in the U.S. to include microfiber filters by 2030 and commissions a federal study on microfiber pollution and its effects.
What it actually does
This bill mandates that all new washing machines sold in the United States beginning January 1, 2030, must include a microfiber filtration system capable of capturing particles not greater than 100 micrometers, or an equivalent standard set by federal agencies. It also requires a consumer-visible label on these machines and directs the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct a nationwide study on microfiber pollution's presence, sources, health impacts, and environmental justice implications.
Proponents argue
Supporters argue that this legislation is a critical step to combat the pervasive issue of microfiber pollution, which contaminates oceans, harms marine life, and potentially impacts human health through the food chain. Mandating filters at the source will significantly reduce the release of microplastics into waterways, protecting ecosystems and public health.
Opponents contend
Critics may contend that this mandate could lead to increased manufacturing costs for washing machines, which would ultimately be passed on to consumers, making essential appliances more expensive. Concerns might also be raised about the regulatory burden on manufacturers and the potential for unintended consequences related to filter disposal or consumer behavior.
The bill is short and relatively straightforward, making it accessible for a quick read to understand its core provisions.
Section 3(b)
Mandatory Microfiber Filtration Systems in New Washing Machines
This provision requires that, starting January 1, 2030, no new washing machine can be sold in the United States unless it contains a microfiber filtration system. This system must be active across all washing cycles and either built-in or an in-line filter packaged and installed with the machine. The filter must have a mesh size of no more than 100 micrometers, or meet an equivalent standard set by the EPA and Department of Energy (DOE). Additionally, each machine must bear a label informing consumers about the filter and the need for regular cleaning and proper disposal of captured lint.
Supporters argue
Supporters argue this is a crucial, proactive measure to significantly reduce the volume of microfibers entering aquatic environments, thereby protecting marine life and potentially human health from plastic ingestion. They emphasize that the long lead time until 2030 provides manufacturers ample opportunity to innovate and integrate these systems.
Critics contend
Critics might argue that this mandate could substantially increase the cost of washing machines, potentially making them less accessible for some consumers. They may also contend that the regulatory burden on manufacturers is significant, requiring costly research, development, and retooling.
Tradeoffs
This provision balances the imperative for environmental protection against the potential for increased manufacturing costs and consumer prices, as well as the practicalities of integrating new technology into a widely used appliance.
Section 3(c)
EPA and DOE Rulemaking Authority
This section grants the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, in conjunction with the Secretary of Energy, the authority to issue regulations necessary to implement Section 3. This includes the power to determine alternative standards for filtration efficacy that provide equal or greater reduction of microfiber pollution compared to the 100-micrometer mesh size, and to approve similar consumer labels.
Section 3(d)
Civil Penalties for Violations
This section establishes civil penalties for any person who violates the requirements of Section 3. A first violation will incur a penalty of not more than $10,000, while each subsequent violation will result in a $30,000 penalty. The bill explicitly states that these remedies are cumulative, meaning they are in addition to any other legal remedies available.
Section 4
Nationwide Study on Microfiber Pollution
This section defines 'microfiber' as a synthetic or natural textile fiber less than 5 millimeters in length. It then mandates the EPA, in consultation with other federal agencies, to conduct a nationwide study. This study will investigate the presence, sources, and pathways of microfibers in the human body and the environment, assess whether microfibers have toxic effects on human health and the environment, and determine if their presence disproportionately impacts environmental justice communities. The EPA must submit a report detailing the study's results to Congress and make it publicly available within one year of the Act's enactment.