A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
- Sponsor
- Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ]
- Committees
- Foreign Relations Committee (primary)
- Last action
- Mar 18, 2026
Bottom line
This resolution asserts Congress's constitutional authority over war powers by requiring the President to cease unauthorized military actions against Iran, while allowing for defensive measures and support for allies.
What it actually does
This joint resolution directs the President to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran, unless such actions have been explicitly authorized by a declaration of war or a specific authorization for the use of military force by Congress. It includes specific findings asserting Congress's constitutional war powers and clarifies that certain defensive and intelligence-sharing activities are still permitted.
Proponents argue
Proponents argue this resolution upholds the constitutional separation of powers, ensuring that decisions to engage in military conflict are made collectively by Congress and the President, as mandated by the War Powers Resolution. They emphasize preventing unauthorized, potentially escalatory conflicts and reasserting legislative oversight of military actions.
Opponents contend
Opponents might argue that such a resolution could undermine the President's ability to respond swiftly and decisively to emerging threats, potentially endangering U.S. personnel and interests abroad. They may assert that the President, as Commander-in-Chief, needs flexibility to protect national security without constant congressional re-authorization for every military engagement.
The bill is very short and directly addresses a clear constitutional issue, making it accessible for immediate evaluation.
Section 1
Congressional Findings on War Powers and Iran Hostilities
This section lays out Congress's constitutional authority to declare war, the President's responsibility to defend the nation, and notes that Congress has not authorized military force against Iran. It specifically cites the War Powers Resolution and states that recent presidential actions, including air strikes inside Iran on February 28, 2026, constitute unauthorized hostilities.
Supporters argue
Supporters argue these findings are crucial for establishing the legal and constitutional basis for the resolution, reinforcing Congress's role in war authorization and holding the executive accountable to the War Powers Resolution.
Critics contend
Opponents might argue that these findings are overly restrictive of presidential authority, potentially misinterpreting the scope of the Commander-in-Chief's powers in defending national interests and responding to threats.
Tradeoffs
This provision navigates the tension between congressional oversight of military action and the executive's need for flexibility in foreign policy and national defense.
Section 2(a)
Mandate for Withdrawal from Iran Hostilities
This subsection explicitly directs the President to remove U.S. Armed Forces from any hostilities within or against Iran. This removal is required unless Congress has given explicit authorization through a declaration of war or a specific Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF).
Section 2(b)
Permitted Defensive and Intelligence Activities
This subsection clarifies that the resolution does not prevent the U.S. from defending itself, its personnel, or facilities; collecting and sharing intelligence (including with Israel and other partners attacked by Iran); or assisting Israel and other partners in defending against retaliatory attacks from Iran or its proxies, including providing defensive materiel support.