A joint resolution to direct removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
- Sponsor
- Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE]
- Committees
- Foreign Relations Committee (primary)
- Last action
- Apr 30, 2026
Bottom line
This resolution seeks to reassert congressional authority over military engagements by mandating the withdrawal of U.S. forces from unauthorized hostilities in Iran.
What it actually does
This joint resolution directs the President to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran, unless explicitly authorized by a declaration of war or a specific authorization for the use of military force by Congress. It cites the War Powers Resolution, noting that the 60-day period for unauthorized hostilities is ending on May 1, 2026, and Congress has not provided the necessary authorization.
Proponents argue
Proponents argue that the resolution upholds the constitutional prerogative of Congress to declare war and ensures that the collective judgment of both Congress and the President applies to the introduction of U.S. Armed Forces into hostilities. They emphasize adherence to the War Powers Resolution to prevent unauthorized military conflicts, protect American lives, and avoid further economic disruption caused by the conflict.
Opponents contend
Opponents might argue that such a resolution could undermine the President's ability to respond swiftly to national security threats, potentially emboldening adversaries or creating a perception of weakness. They might also contend that it could disrupt ongoing military operations, endanger deployed forces, and complicate diplomatic efforts in a volatile region, potentially leading to greater long-term risks.
The bill is very short and clear, making it highly accessible for a quick and informed evaluation.
Section 1
Congressional Findings on War Powers and Iran Hostilities
This section lays out the legal and factual basis for the resolution. It asserts Congress's sole power to declare war, notes the President's responsibility to defend the nation, and states that Congress has not authorized military force against Iran. It details recent events, including President Trump's declaration of 'major combat operations,' deployment of 50,000 troops, Iranian retaliatory strikes, 13 American deaths, the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, and a naval blockade. It concludes that these actions constitute 'hostilities' under the War Powers Resolution and that the 60-day period for unauthorized engagement is expiring on May 1, 2026.
Supporters argue
Supporters argue these findings clearly establish that the executive branch has exceeded its constitutional authority by engaging in major combat operations in Iran without explicit congressional authorization, necessitating legislative action to uphold the War Powers Resolution and the Constitution.
Critics contend
Opponents might contend that the findings oversimplify the complex geopolitical situation, potentially mischaracterizing the nature of the U.S. presence or the President's constitutional role in defending national interests, especially in response to escalating threats.
Tradeoffs
The tension between executive authority to respond to threats and congressional authority to declare war, particularly in modern conflicts that may not fit traditional declarations.
Section 2(a)
Directive for Removal of Forces from Iran Hostilities
This subsection explicitly directs the President to withdraw U.S. Armed Forces from any hostilities within or against Iran. This directive is contingent on the absence of a formal declaration of war or a specific statutory authorization for the use of military force by Congress. It invokes specific sections of the Department of State Authorization Act and the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act to ensure expedited consideration.
Section 2(b)
Exceptions to Removal Directive
This subsection clarifies that the resolution does not prevent the U.S. from undertaking certain actions. These include defending against attacks on the U.S. or its personnel or facilities, intelligence gathering and sharing, assisting partner countries attacked by Iran (including defensive measures and materiel support), and providing assistance for the security and evacuation of U.S. citizens. This ensures that the withdrawal directive does not impede essential defensive or humanitarian operations.